Human Resource Management & Leadership (M.A.)

INFOMATERIAL ANFORDERN

Human Resource Management and Leadership (M.A.)

Warum solltest Du Personalmanagement/HR im Master studieren?

Der Master in Human Resources bereitet Dich optimal auf die Arbeit im Personalwesen großer und kleiner Unternehmen vor. Denn in Zeiten von Fachkräftemangel und Digitalisierungsmaßnahmen – sowie dem Wunsch nach mehr Diversität, nachhaltigem Mitarbeitermanagement und einer modernen Führungsethik – wird die Personalabteilung zum Antrieb des Wandels. Dafür bedarf es an Mitarbeiter und Führungskräfte, die in der Lage sind, diese globalen Strategien und Transformationen zielführend durchzusetzen.

Mit einem Master in Human Resources und Leadership (HRM) an der CBS profitierst Du nicht nur von der Vermittlung fundierter HR-Kenntnisse, sondern auch von praxisnahen Übungen sowie der ganzheitlichen, englischsprachigen Hochschulausbildung. Mit Deinem im HRM-Master erworbenen Fachwissen, Deiner Team- und Integrationsfähigkeit sowie Deinen Praxis- und Führungskompetenzen qualifizierst Du Dich für eine Position im mittleren und höheren Management.

Was ist Personalmanagement? Definition, Beispiele, Ziele & Aufgaben - Hier mehr erfahren

Master in Personalmanagement/HR mit solidem BWL-Fundament – Was sind die Studieninhalte?

Der Master Human Resource Management ermöglicht es Dir, alle BWL-Grundlagen aufzufrischen sowie erweiterte betriebswirtschaftliche Kenntnisse zu erwerben. Es erwarten Dich BWL-spezifische Kurse in unter anderem diesen Bereichen:

Business Economics
Corporate Governance
Value Based Management
Sustainable Supply Chain Management

Personalmanagement Master auf einen Blick

Campus

Köln

Semester Beginn

Winter

Semester

ECTS

120

Studiengebühren*

5.730 €

Alle Fakten im Detail

Vorlesungssprache Englisch
Studienform Vollzeit
Abschluss Master of Arts
Praktikum Integriert**
Auslandssemester Integriert**

Studienbeginn Winter Köln

*Die angezeigten Preise verstehen sich als Semestergebühr. Informationen zu den Studiengebühren für Nicht-EU-Studierende findest Du auf der allgemeinen Informationsseite zu den Studiengebühren. Stand: Januar 2024.

Studienverlaufsplan

Diese Studieninhalte erwarten Dich in den einzelnen Semestern im Masterstudiengang Personalmanagement:

Allgemeine wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Inhalte

Business Economics3 ECTS

Analysis of demand, supply, and market equilibrium
Theory of consumer choice
Theory of the firm, production and cost analysis
Market structures: perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, contestable markets
Game theory
Pricing strategies
Factor markets, labor economics
Economics of information
Industrial organization
Limitations of markets and interventions by the government
Econometric techniques related to these topics

Empirical Research Methods3 ECTS

Development of a research question
Primary vs. secondary data
Steps of research process
Research designs
Quantitative and qualitative data
Structured methods of data collection: questionnaire and structured interview
Un- and semi-structured methods: qualitative interview and focus group
Quantitative and qualitative content analysis
Ethical considerations of data collection
Sampling
Data analysis using statistical software programs (SPSS)
Univariate analysis, bivariate analysis (crosstab and correlation), multiple linear regression
Writing a research report – structural and other formal requirements

Strategic Analysis & Management3 ECTS

Strategy making process and strategic reasoning: cognitive process of strategy
creation through the prism of logic and intuition
Setting strategic purpose in the context of responsible stakeholder management
Advanced external environment analysis: markets, industries and competitive
landscapes in static and dynamic perspective in the domestic and international
context
Diagnosing and managing strategic capability through national borders over time
Cultural and institutional context of strategic management: concepts, frameworks
and analytical tools
Generic and interactive business strategies, inside-out and outside-in perspective on
achieving and sustaining competitive advantage internationally
Network-level strategies
Corporate development and configuration: strategic options and portfolio matrices
Strategy formation
Strategic change and corporate restructuring
Strategic renewal
Strategy evaluation and strategic controls: tools and methods
Organizing for success

Innovation Management & Digital Transformation3 ECTS

Diagnosing the change context: diffusion and dynamics of innovation
Sources & types of innovation
Product/service, process & business model innovation
Individual and corporate creativity
Strategic innovation management & the innovation process incl. New Product Development (NPD)
Introduction to digitalization, digital age & digital divide
Digital drivers & disruptive forces
Technological drivers of digital transformation
Socio-technological change associated with the adoption of the mentioned drivers
Introduction to the digital organization & digital business models
Impact of digitalization on the value chain (Industry 4.0)
Digitalization-related innovation theories & technology management
Digitalization leadership & organisational transformation concepts
Change management & transformational leadership
Agility and VUCA world
SCRUM and Design Thinking

Programmspezifische Lehrinhalte

Intercultural HR & Diversity Management3 ECTS

Introduction to Intercultural HRM, International HRM and Comparative HRM
Meaning of Culture & Cultural Transmission
Models of Culture: Traditional Models
Models of Culture: Developments & Debates
Intercultural Communication and Negotiation
Leadership & Multicultural Teams
Motivation and Exchange in a Cross-Cultural Context
Theoretical Foundation on Diversity Management
Intercultural Diversity Management Concepts
The Social Identity Perspective on Diversity
Privilege and power in the workplace
The Ethics or Workplace Diversity
Conducting a Diversity Audit

International Labour Law & Business Ethics3 ECTS

Introduction to International Labour Law and Business Ethics
Key facts – labour costs as an economic key factor, labour as a basis of a stable income, dissimilar working conditions
Labour law in the EU – different models in different member states
The concept of free movement of workers in the EU
EU wide principles of non-discrimination, safety, working-time
Posted workers in the EU – responsibilities of the host states
International Labour Organization
ILO’s key objectives and principles
Focus: Safety and security at work
Focus: Forced Labour - ILO’s objectives and companies’ responsibilities
Focus: Child Labour – ILO’s objectives and companies’ responsibilities
Focus: Non-discrimination
Focus: Maritime Labour – seafarer wages
Current challenges

HR Development & Coaching3 ECTS

Introduction to HR training & development
Needs analysis and various forms of further training and personnel development
Instruments and planning of HR development
Transfer and evaluation of personnel development measures
Performance & Staff appraisals and agreement on objectives
The psychology of potential and competence
Customer orientation
Social competences
Group and team dynamics
Counselling formats
Development of coaching
Evaluation and effectiveness of coaching
Development phases and intervention methods of coaching
E-coaching
Anamnesis in the initial interview
Typical coaching occasions
Dramaturgy of a coaching session and a coaching process
Social interactions in the coaching process
Methods of coaching

HR Research Techniques & Metrics 3 ECTS

HR research objectives
Planning the HR research process
Types of research and information sources
HR research quality evaluation criteria
HR metrics
Predictive HR analytics
Benchmarking studies
Collecting, recording and analysing qualitative HR-related data
Collecting, recording and analysing quantitative HR-related data
HR surveys
HR information systems and software for statistical analysis
HR Balanced Scorecard
Summarizing and communicating research findings and making recommendations

Überfachliche Kompetenzen

International Project Management2 ECTS

Social competence: Communication, motivation, groups and team structures, leadership, conflict management
Methodological competence: Structural aspects, time management, cost management, human resource management, creativity and problem solving
Organisational competence: Quality management, documentation, risk management, project start and closure

Language & Communication Skills2 ECTS

The “Scholarly Writing and Analysis” course is offered for German native speakers. German as a foreign language is offered as an obligatory course for Non-native German speakers.

Allgemeine wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Inhalte

Corporate Social Responsibility3 ECTS

Cornerstones of sustainable management
CSR as management approach
Practical approaches of organizational effectiveness
Tools for CSR implementation
CSR and financial performance
Life cycle assessment

Corporate Governance3 ECTS

Historical developments around the world
Directors and board structures in different parts of the world
Family business governance
Role of institutional investors
Corporate governance in mergers and acquisitions
Socially responsible investments
Corporate governance in different regions

Value Based Management3 ECTS

Value maximization and corporate objectives, shareholder value and stakeholder value approach
Financial measurement of corporate strategies and competitive advantage: the principles
Shortcomings of traditional profitability ratios for a value-based management
Economic Value Added, Cash Value Added
Identifying the drivers of value creation and investment decision-making
Management compensation and incentives for value creation

Sustainable Supply Chain Management3 ECTS

Defining the state of a sustainable supply chain based on actual trends
Discussion of various theoretical concepts (e.g. Stakeholder Theory, Slack Resource Theory) and their implications for sustainable supply chain management
Defining a “New Normal” of how to do business (e.g. circular economy, regenerative business models, carbon literacy training)
Sustainable Marketing (definition, Green Marketing Strategy Mix, Green Washing and Sustainable Consumer Buying Behaviour)
Sustainable Procurement (definition, Sustainable Procurement Process Model with a focus on sustainable supplier relationship management; new trends like circular procurement)
Sustainable Logistics
Sustainable Design
Carbon Emission / Human Rights in global supply chains

Programmspezifische Lehrinhalte

HR Consulting & Project Management Techniques3 ECTS

The course “HR Consulting and Project Management Techniques” introduce students to the main challenges of the modern HR management consulting profession and includes e.g. key problem solving as well as decision making techniques, constituting the main elements of the “advanced toolkit”, commonly used by HR consultants in diverse contexts.

HR Management consulting as a management activity
Controversies and ethics of HR management consulting
HR Consulting engagement as problem solving exercise
Analytical and interactive data processing and forecasting methods
Analytical problem solving approaches and techniques
Creative approaches to problem solving and decision making
Evidence-based decision making methods
Structured and logical report writing techniques
Effective communication techniques
Application of different instruments and methods of agile HR work and instruments

Experience Lab: HR Innovation Café3 ECTS

Introduction to HR innovations and the philosophy of “New Generation HR”
Overview of Contemporary and future HRM
Implementation innovative HR approaches, tools, and techniques
Best Practices discussions (topics depending on the involved HR practitioners)
Impact analysis of selected HR innovations on the company's performance
Conditions for a successful implementation (culture, acceptance, etc.)
Ethical considerations & sustainability of HR innovations
Creating own and new ideas of innovative HR approaches, tools, etc.

Business Project6 ECTS

The overall objective of this course is to provide students with possibility of applying their business knowledge on concrete business situation, related to the field of their specialization.

By the end of the module students should be able to:

Define project goals for the “client”.
Work under the set timeframe and agreed project scope.
Cooperate in the international project teams.
Evaluate markets/ industries/ competitive landscapes.
Develop possible strategic directions for the “client” business.
Formulate recommendations.

Wahlbereich

Business Elective3 ECTS

A business elective is a business or management-related elective course.By choosing Business Electives in the second and third semester you can personalize your degree course and extend your management knowledge.

Interdisciplinary Elective3 ECTS

By choosing Interdisciplinary Electives in the second and third semester you can personalize your degree course and extend your management knowledge. An interdisciplinary elective is an elective from another discipline than your own specialization.

Überfachliche Kompetenzen

Emotional Intelligence 3 ECTS

Different Inteligencies – IQ vs EQ
The role of emotions – daily and work life
The construct of Emotional intelligence
Emotionally intelligent competencies & skills
Skills acquisition – Experiential/action learning
Reflection & reflexion
Encouraging engagement
Developing trust

Programmspezifische Lehrinhalte

Strategic Human Resource Management & Leadership3 ECTS

Theory of strategic HRM
Strategic HRM and business strategy
Strategic HRM and organisational performance
Strategic HRM in a complex and uncertain environment
Strategic HRM in MNEs vs. SMEs
Strategic Staffing
Strategic Training and Develop Management
Strategic Compensation and Rewards
Strategic HRM and Sustainability
Leadership Theories / Models and Leadership Traits
Leadership Styles
Cognitive, Behavioural, and Emotional Explanation for Human Motivation
Performance Management and Controlling
Leadership Tools

Corporate Development & Business Transformation3 ECTS

Organisations and Organisational Effectiveness
Organisational Theory
Basic Challenges of Organisational Planning and Development
Organisational Design
Management in Organisational and Ethical Culture
Organisational Life Cycle
Organisational Decision Making
Organisational Development and Change
Change Management in Mergers and Acquisitions

Sustainable Leadership & Employee Relationship Management3 ECTS

Main Concepts in Employment Relations
Leadership construct and different perspectives
Leadership relationships (leader, led)
Interactional, personal and situational aspects of leadership
Leadership effectiveness
Theoretical explanations of the development of the leadership relationship (e.g. leader-member exchange theory)
Selected fields of leadership
Work-life balance
Different approaches to leadership styles & different leadership tools
Significant and current developments in organizational practice and corresponding consequences for leadership in organizations
Strategies of Employee Relationship Management (ERM), employees as internal customers
Importance of emotional intelligence in employee relationship management (ERM)
International and comparative employment relations
Employee relations and CSR

New Work & Digital HRM3 ECTS

Image of humanity
Changing (social) values
Forms of New Work
Self-direction, Self-control, Self-Guidance
Holacracy
Big Data and HR Analytics
Digital competences
Digital technologies and their significance for HR
Active Sourcing & Social Media Recruiting
Use of software and mobile applications in further selected HR functions (HR training & development; HR compensation & benefits, HR service)

Venture Lab4 ECTS

Discovering and evaluating entrepreneurial opportunities
Developing business ideas from opportunities (e.g. based on using Design Thinking, Personas and User Stories).
Feasibility analysis of business ideas
Transferring the idea into a Business Model
Business Model and its building blocks (value proposition, customers segments, channels, customer relationships, revenue model, key partners, key activities, key resources, cost structure)
Business Plan: Introduction, Sample Case and General Outline
Developing the details of the business plan
Finding sources of financing: Business angels; Private equity; Start up financing; Venture capital investors
Preparing a pitch deck for successfully presenting the new venture business plan

Integrative Case Studies3 ECTS

Focused review of the curriculum content
Pre-assessment quiz/ content area assessment as benchmark for students’ status quo
Guide and Strategic Plan to Case Study Analysis
Writing a proper Case Study Analysis report
Developing proper answers to Case questions, applying the relevant theoretical knowledge and frameworks
In-depth Case Study Analysis with focus all subject areas of the curriculum
In-depth Case Study Analysis with special focus on Strategic Management

Business Simulation Game3 ECTS

In a business simulation game participants have to manage their own virtual company which operates in the same market as other participant-operated competitors. This involves making typical management decisions in realistic environments. Beside the deepening and active examination of subject-specific knowledge the simulation games also include the team environment, where interaction, communication and prioritization are of paramount importance. Participants learn how to manage risk and uncertainty while time is limited and information constrained. Group-reflections help to take over different perspectives and to discuss pros and cons of content- as well as behavior-related actions.

Master Thesis Tutorial2 ECTS

During the Master Thesis Tutorial you will learn the fundamentals for your Master thesis: Defining the topic as well as structuring the thesis and you will learn the theoretical knowledge for scientific working.

Wahlbereich

Business Elective3 ECTS

Interdisciplinary Elective3 ECTS

Überfachliche Kompetenzen

Organizational Storytelling3 ECTS

The evolution of storytelling
What storytelling looks like in a variety of organisational contexts
Criteria for successful storytelling
Case studies and successful storytelling campaigns
Character development
What do you want to say?: guidelines for taglines, quotes and copy
Storyboarding and plot development

Programmspezifische Lehrinhalte

Master Thesis18 ECTS

During your 4th semester you are working on your Master thesis. You have 19 weeks to complete your thesis and the subject is freely selectable. A supervisor from CBS will support you and you can write the thesis in collaboration with a company as well. Or you can write your thesis in connection with a stay abroad.

Internship or Study Abroad10 ECTS

You can choose between an internship (lasting at least seven weeks) or a semester abroad at one of our partner universities.

Lerne die CBS persönlich kennen: Online & vor Ort Infoveranstaltungen

Köln

Open Campus Night - Campus Köln

22. Januar 2025 | 18:00 - 20:30

Jetzt anmelden

Düsseldorf/Neuss

Open Campus Night - Campus Düsseldorf/Neuss

29. Januar 2025 | 18:00 - 20:30

Jetzt anmelden

Mainz

Open Campus Night - Campus Mainz

12. Februar 2025 | 18:00 - 20:30

Jetzt anmelden

Solingen

Open Campus Night - Campus Solingen

19. Februar 2025 | 18:00 - 20:00

Jetzt anmelden

Berlin

Open Campus Night - Campus Berlin

25. Februar 2025 | 18:00 - 20:00

Jetzt anmelden

Hamburg

Open Campus Night - Campus Hamburg

26. Februar 2025 | 18:00 - 20:00

Jetzt anmelden

Hannover

Open Campus Night - Campus Hannover

27. Februar 2025 | 18:00 - 20:00

Jetzt anmelden

Rostock

Open Campus Night - Campus Rostock

4. März 2025 | 18:00 - 20:00

Jetzt anmelden

Aachen

Open Campus Night - Campus Aachen

12. März 2025 | 18:00 - 20:00

Jetzt anmelden

Rheine

Open Campus Night - Campus Rheine

15. März 2025 | 18:00 - 20:30

Jetzt anmelden

master-personal-und-change-management-studentin

Was sind die Berufsaussichten mit einem Master in Human Resource Management and Leadership?

Ein Master in Human Resource Management & Leadership bietet Dir aufgrund seiner interdisziplinären und praxisnahen Ausrichtung besonders vielfältige Karrierechancen in Unternehmen oder der Selbstständigkeit. Unsere Absolvent/-innen sind u. a. in folgenden Positionen tätig:

HR-Manager / Personalmanager
HR Business Partner
Recruiter / Talent Acquisition Specialist
HR Development Manager / Personalentwickler
Change Manager / Transformationsmanager
Organisationsentwickler
Diversity & Inclusion Manager
Compensation & Benefits Specialist
Unternehmensberater im Bereich HR, Strategie und Change Management
Führungspositionen im mittleren und gehobenen Management

Du möchtest stattdessen eine wissenschaftliche Laufbahn einschlagen? Unsere Studienberater informieren Dich gern über die Promotionsmöglichkeiten an der CBS oder einer anderen Hochschule.

Wie viel verdient ein HR Manager? Hier findest Du auf dieser Seite, rund um das Thema Personalmanagement Gehälter, weitere Informationen.

Werde jetzt zum Experten

Dein nächster Schritt

Warum CBS?

800+

Partner-
unternehmen

160+

Partner-
hochschulen

3000

Studierenden

Standorte

Zeitmodelle

MEHR ERFAHREN

Master Personalmanagement: Human Resource Management und Leadership

In weltweit agierenden Unternehmen arbeitet HR über Ländergrenzen hinweg, daher verfolgt der Master in Human Resources an der CBS einen internationalen Ansatz. Um weltweit Talente zu finden, bei der HR-Transformation großer Unternehmen mitzuwirken oder sich mit internationalen Stakeholdern auszutauschen, bedarf es verhandlungssicherer Englischkenntnisse. Daher ist die Vorlesungssprache im Master HR und Leadership Englisch. Mit den zusätzlichen Sprachkenntnissen bist Du für die Arbeit in einem internationalen Umfeld umfassend vorbereitet.

Leadership Skills schärfen mit dem Master in Personalmanagement

Für Positionen in der Unternehmensleitung reicht es nicht, umfassende Fachkenntnisse vorzuweisen, denn gute Führungsqualitäten sind zusätzlich gefordert. Außerdem ist es vor allem im Bereich HR von zentraler Bedeutung, sich mit der Strukturierung von Betrieben auszukennen und zu wissen, wie diese weiterentwickelt werden kann. Um Deine Leadership Skills zu schärfen und Dir einen Überblick über die Organisation von Unternehmen zu vermitteln, erwarten Dich im Master HR folgende Seminare:

Corporate Development and Business Transformation
Strategic Human Resource Management
Power and Inequality in Organizations and Institutions

Soft Skills im Master HRM und Leadership

Im internationalen Personalwesen arbeitest Du mit Menschen zusammen, die ganz unterschiedliche Interessen und Ziele verfolgen. Damit Du Deine Ideen und Lösungen durchsetzt, Teams führen und mit Kolleginnen und Kollegen auf allen Hierarchieebenen zielgerichtet kommunizieren kannst, ist das Erlernen von Soft Skills Teil des Masters in Human Resource Management. Dazu gehört, dass Du mit dem Abschluss des Masters in HR Selfmanagement ebenso wie Teammanagement meisterst und in der Lage bist internationale Projekte zu koordinieren. In Kursen wie “International Stakeholder Management and Employment Relation” erfährst Du zudem, wie Du mit Partnern und wichtigen Interessengruppen des Unternehmens umgehst.

Wie viel verdient ein HR Manager? Hier findest Du auf dieser Seite, rund um das Thema Personalmanagement Gehälter, weitere Informationen.

Das sagen unsere Alumni

Philip Kollmann

Projektmanager Wayne's Coffee

„Besonders die Soft-Skill-Kurse haben mir für mein Auftreten in den Bewerbungsgesprächen sehr geholfen. Durch die Arbeit im Finance and Business Club habe ich ein breites Netzwerk aufgebaut und Projektmanagement-Fähigkeiten erworben, mit denen ich bei den Firmen punkten konnte."

Katrin Rieger

Bereichsdirektorin Reisevertrieb
Deutschland / Vice President Sales
HanseMerkur Krankenversicherung

„Das praxisnahe Lernen in kleinen Gruppen hat mich optimal auf heutige Projekt- und Teamarbeit vorbereitet. Die CBS hat mir die entscheidenden Soft Skills und aktuelles Wissen aus der Praxis vermittelt."

Christopher Rosenbaum

Manager
Ernst & Young GmbH
Wirschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft

„Das Management Studium bereitet einen sorgfältig auf die Aufgaben eines Beraters vor. "Insbesondere das Fördern von Präsentationstechniken sowie analytischem Denkvermögen ist im Berateralltag von enormer Bedeutung.“

Neil Jordaan

Global Digital Content Manager
Elanco

„Viele Professoren haben uns im Unterricht an ihrer Branchenerfahrung teilhaben lassen und konnten trockene Theorie mit Praxisbeispielen veranschaulichen. Auch die internationale Atmosphäre am Campus hat mir gut gefallen.“

Lisa Fleischhauer

Technical Business Analyst
Fielmann Ventures GmbH

„Das Studium an der CBS hat einen großen Beitrag zu meiner Persönlichkeitsentwickung geleistet.“

Christian Miele

Präsident
Bundesverband Deutsche Startups e.V.

„Insbesondere das Rhetoriktraining hat mir sehr geholfen meine eigenen Ideen zu präsentieren. Ebenso ist die praxisbezogene Ausbildung an der CBS sehr gut!“

Hauke Grün

Global Group Director
Initiative

„Das Studium an der CBS hat mich in vielerlei Hinsicht auf meine Karriere bei einer der weltweit führenden Media-Agenturen vorbereitet.“

Sandra Dreier

Partner im Bereich Financial Accounting & Advisory Services
EY (Ernst & Young GmbH Wirtschaftsprüfgesellschaft

„Besonders gefallen hat mir die Mischung aus Theorie und Praxis, die Internationalität, die kleinen Lerngruppen sowie die vielen Aktivitäten außerhalb des Lehrplans.“

Stefanie Zipp

Personalmarketingreferentin
Deutsche Bahn AG

„Durch das Masterstudium an der CBS konnte ich mein fachliches Wissen weiterentwickeln und mich perfekt auf den Berufseinstieg vorbereiten. Vor allem konnte ich aus den praxisbezogenen Inhalten sehr viel mitnehmen.“

Christian Knott

Partner
Capnamic Ventures Management GmbH

„Viele Kontakte aus dem Studium sind für mich heute noch relevante Ansprechpartner für die verschiedensten Themen. Hier schon an der Uni zu lernen, welchen Mehrwert das Netzwerk haben kann, war wichtig.“

Tim Becker

Manager Automotive & Sustainability
Porsche Consulting GmbH

„Mir haben besonders der persönliche Charakter des Studiums und die gute Atmosphäre gefallen, die insbesondere durch die Kursgröße und die Nähe zu den Dozenten erreicht wurden.“

Erfahre mehr über unsere Masterstudiengänge in Deinem kostenlosen Infomaterial

Du möchtest Dich zu Hause in Ruhe über unsere Master-Studiengänge informieren? Dann fordere jetzt unverbindlich und kostenlos Dein Infomaterial an. Wir senden Dir gern unser Infomaterial zum Studium per E-Mail zu.

Folge uns auf Instagram & Facebook, lerne uns auf einer Infoveranstaltung kennen, oder nehme Kontakt mit unseren Studienberatern auf, um mehr über uns zu erfahren.